• If you ask me, why I am a Catholic Christian, my answer would be like the one of Saint Augustine’s: “I won’t be a Christian if not for the Catholic Church”.

  • The thread running through nearly every conversion story is the same: authority, the Eucharist, and Church history. When pastors begin to read the early Church Fathers with honest hearts, they consistently find themselves walking toward Rome.

  • Where it is stated (of the Messianic King in Ps. 72:5): LET THEM FEAR YOU AS LONG AS THE SUN ENDURES AND AS LONG AS THE MOON, A GENERATION AND GENERATIONS.

  • Who has ever heard of such a thing? Who has ever seen such a thing? In the beginning, the intention of Ha-Kadosh Barukh Hu was to divert Israel to the desert for six months, from Nisan to Tishrei. But when He contemplated the suffering of the Messiah during all those years, immediately, suddenly, He will…

  • In the year 268 AD, a provincial council was convened at Antioch, Syria where the Apostles of the risen Lord often frequented and where believers were first called Christians: “Then departed Barnabas to Tarsus, for to seek Saul: and when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a…

  • The following is adapted from this post: Creed of the Antioch Council of 325. All emphasis will be mine. 8. Ἔστιν οὖν ἡ πίστις, ἣ προετέθη ὑπ’ ἀνδρῶν, πνευματικῶν καὶ οὺς αὖθις οὐ δίκαιον νομίφειν κατὰ σάρκα τῆν ἢ νοεῖν, ἀλλὰ ἐν πνεύματι ταῖς τῶν θεοπνεύστων βιβλίων ἁγίαις γραφαῖς συνησκῆσθαι, ἥδε· πιστεύειν εἰς ἕνα θεὸν πατέρα παντοκράτορα,…

  • In this article I will present more evidence in support of Mary’s perpetual virginity by showing how the Lord God made her womb the holy of holies for Christ to dwell in all his fullness. THE HIGH PRIEST AND THE HOLY OF HOLIES The God-breathed Scriptures affirm that the high priest alone was authorized to…

  • Jesus forgives sins, only God forgives sins, that means Jesus is God!

  • In this post I am going to employ the interpretive method, which unitarians apply to Scripture to undermine Christ’s Deity, against them. I will show how their approach in attacking Christ’s divinity can be used to prove that the Father cannot be the true God, since only the Son is.     UNITARIAN PROOFTEXTS Anti-Trinitarians often…

  • In this post I will cite from a few of the early Christian writers who viewed Mary as the new Eve, just as Christ was the new Adam, who through her obedience undid what Eve’s disobedience did to creation. JUSTIN MARTYR Chapter 100. In what sense Christ is [called] Jacob, and Israel, and Son of…

  • Luke records the words the angel Gabriel uttered to the holy Mother of Christ as he came to announce the glorious and blessed Incarnation of our Lord:   “And he came to her and said, ‘Hail (Chaire), full of grace (kecharitomene), the Lord is with you!’” Luke 1:28   The word Chaire appears four other…

  • In this post I will present evidence from the epistle of Jude showing that this inspired author believed that Jesus is YHWH God Almighty who became flesh.   THE GOD OF THE SHEMA The inspired letter begins with Jude describing himself as the servant/slave of the risen Jesus and then goes on to identify Christ…

  • ungodly persons who turn the grace of our God into sensuality and who deny our ONLY Master and Lord, Jesus Christ (ton MONON despoten kai kyrion hemon ‘Iesoun Christon).” Jude 1:4

  • And there is one Lord, Jesus Christ (heis Kyrios ‘Iesous Christos), by whom everything exists, and by whom we ourselves are alive.” 1 Corinthians 8:6

  • “Yahweh, your Redeemer, and he who formed you from the womb says: “I am Yahweh, who makes all things; who ALONE stretches out the heavens; who spreads out the earth BY MYSELF;” Isaiah 44:24

  • “Hear, O Israel! Yahweh is our God, Yahweh is one!” Deuteronomy 6:4

  • The Pope’s authority over other bishops is real, direct, and juridical, not merely honorary, because it belongs to the very constitution of the Church willed by Christ. At the same time, it is ordered to communion and the safeguarding of the faith, not to arbitrary domination. 1) The foundation: why the Pope can discipline bishops…

  • The tactic that schismatics started using was, (Pope of Rome, Roman Catholic etc.), and that’s misleading!

  • Prophet or tool of the devil?

  • In this post I will be referencing the late Protestant scholar J. B. Lightfoot’s monumental work on the early church’s view of the blessed Mother’s virginity. All bold and capital emphasis will be mine. Lightfoot did a careful, painstaking analysis of the early Christians writings, examining the extant sources from the first century and up…

  • At the Council of Ephesus (431 AD), the blessed St. Cyril of Alexandria uttered a litany of praise to the blessed Mother of our God Incarnate in honor of her being the holy and pure God-bearer. Here’s what this holy servant of Christ wrote: “Mary, Mother of God, we salute you. Precious vessel, worthy of…

  • The statements cited here are taken from For the Life of the World: Toward A Social Ethos of the Orthodox Church, published by Holy Cross Orthodox Press in 2020. The document can be accessed at the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America website: Social Ethos Document. Here is the PDF Version. The readers will see that…

  • The Catholic Church says in ccc841 that Muslims (profess) to worship the God of Abraham and together with us worship one God, creator and merciful judge etc. The Catholic Church doesn’t say things like the east are saying. Orthodox say that us and Muslims worship the same God.

  • The Catholic Church says in ccc841 that Muslims (profess) to worship the God of Abraham and together with us worship one God, creator and merciful judge etc. The Catholic Church doesn’t say things like the east are saying. Orthodox say that us and Muslims worship the same God.

  • “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Though you are little among the thousands of Judah, Yet out of you shall come forth to Me The One to be Ruler in Israel, Whose goings forth are from of old (miqqedem), From everlasting (olam).” Micah 5:2

  • “The blessed Peter, the chosen, the preeminent, the first among the disciples, for whom alone with himself the Savior paid the tribute [Matt. 17:27], quickly g.asped and understood their meaning. And what does he say? ‘Behold, we have left all and have followed you’ [Matt. 19:27; Mark 10:28]” [A.D. 200]).

  • Christianity Trinity Church History Gospel Jesus Christ

  • After the martyrdom of Paul and of Peter, Linus was the first to obtain the episcopate of the church at Rome. Paul mentions him, when writing to Timothy from Rome

  • How, then, can it be asserted that there once was a time when He was not the Son?

  • Origen affirms that Jesus Christ is the uncreated firstborn Son of God

  • The following excerpts are from Origen’s Commentary on the Gospel of John.

  • In this post, I will be citing the exegesis of Protestant expositors in regards to the language employed by Luke in recording the annunciation of, and subsequent reactions to, Jesus’ virginal conception. It has long been noted that Luke describes this miraculous event in a way that is strikingly reminiscent to the manner the Hebrew…

  • The information posted here is uploaded from the following article: The original papyrus fragment.   In 1917, a stunning treasure came to the John Rylands Library in Manchester, England. It was a piece of papyrus, Egyptian in origin.   On this fragment, in Greek, is inscribed a hymn to Mary, called in Latin Sub Tuum Praesidium,…

  • The very last writing of St. Augustine was the Opus Imperfectum contra Julianum, literally, the “Unfinished Work Against Julian.” The name itself tells the whole story. What was it? Augustine wrote this work in the closing years of a life occupied with three great controversies, Manichaeism, Donatism, and Pelagianism the last of which ended with…

  • WHAT Although there were always a few dissenters, for the first one thousand years of the Church there was a broad consensus among the Fathers on all the basic tenets of the faith, from Baptism to the Eucharist to the role of Tradition. As the most respected pastors and theologians of their day, the opinion…

  • A Response to Ibn Anwar’s Anti-Trinitarian “Examination of Mark 12:29-34” One of the scribes came and heard them arguing, and recognizing that He had answered them well, asked Him, “What commandment is the foremost of all?” 29 Jesus answered, “The foremost is, ‘HEAR, O ISRAEL! THE LORD OUR GOD IS ONE LORD; 30 AND YOU…

  • In this relatively short, post I will show from the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ own perverted Bible translation that the one true Creator God is Triune. I will be using the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Study Edition). According to the Hebrew Bible, Jehovah created and gives life to all creation all by himself, without…

  • Arian polemicist Greg Stafford has made it a chief aim of his mission to do all he can to pervert the explicit biblical witness to the Son’s uncreated, eternal nature and existence. Yet in his misguided zeal he often makes claims that end up refuting him since his points actually prove that Christ is not…

  • The Greek word for “sent” in Romans 10:15 is apostalosin — and for St. Paul, unless one is sent with apostolic authority, one has no authority in the Church.

  • In this post I will cite the works of three intellectual and spiritual giants of the Faith to show how they interpreted Genesis 1:26-27, particularly verse, where God uses plural pronouns when speaking of making man in the image and likeness of God. The readers will see that these magnificent men of the Church took…

  • The teaching of the ancient Churches that Mary was made perfectly holy and kept absolutely pure is based on the necessary conclusion of what the Scriptures teach in respect to the holiness and purity of God. For instance, the Holy Bible is explicitly clear that nothing unclean and impure can dwell with God: “If I…

  • Since Jesus is God Incarnate! The inspired Scriptures teach that Yahweh alone is able to save people from their sins. The sacred writings further attest that Yahweh does so for his own name’s sake, and not for the sake of another, “You are My witnesses, says the Lord, and My servant whom I have chosen…

  • The first and most well-known command reads, “I am the LORD your God who rescued you from the land of Egypt, the place of your slavery. You must not have any other god but me.” (Exodus 20:2-3)

  • Sunday 03 May 2026 Why May is Called the Month of Mary 👑 May is dedicated to Mary because of her unique place in God’s plan and the Church’s ancient practice of honoring her with particular devotion during the spring season. The Historical RootsThe formal dedication of May to Mary emerged gradually over centuries, though…

  • Question: I can understand how God can hear and respond to millions of prayers said at the exact same time, because He is omniscient. But how can the Blessed Mother and the Saints, like St. Faustina, deal with it? They are human, like us, but in heaven rather than on earth. The blessed Mother especially,…

  • In this post I will quote what the official documents of the Catholic Church teach in respect to the world’s religions and how salvation is to be obtained. I begin with what Catechism of the Catholic Church says: The Church and non-Christians 839 “Those who have not yet received the Gospel are related to the People of…

  • Who, being in very nature God (hos en morphe theou hyperchon)

  • The following excerpt is taken from the monumental work titled The Incarnate Christ and His Critics: A Biblical Defense, authored by Robert M. Bowman Jr. & J. Ed Komoszewski, published by Kregel Academic, Grand Rapids, MI, in 2024, Part 3: The Name of Jesus: Jesus’ Divine Names, 24. Jesus as “God” in the Rest of the New…

  • The Old Testament prophet Malachi announced by the Holy Spirit (cf. 2 Pet. 1:20-21) that a time would come when all throughout the world the Gentiles would offer to God a pure sacrifice: “A son honors his father, and a servant his master. If then I am a father, where is my honor? And if…

  • In this post I will cite from both Martin Luther and John Calvin admitting that the Eucharist was viewed to be Christ’s propitiatory sacrifice by the Church universally, with Calvin virtually admitting that this has been the belief from time immemorial. Calvin even dared to claim that this was due to the work of Satan…

  • In this segment I will show how this renowned Bishop of Alexandria affirmed doctrines which directly contradict the beliefs of Calvinists, since Cyril taught the perpetual virginity of the blessed Mother, water baptismal regeneration, and that the eucharist is the body and blood of Christ. All emphasis will be mine. MARY’S PERPETUAL VIRGINITY 4. CHRIST…

  • I will be quoting the very church fathers, writers, theologians and/or apologists that Calvinists will often reference in order to mislead folks into thinking that these early Christians held to beliefs similar to their own. I will prove that these Calvinists are being inconsistent and/or dishonest in doing so since these very early authorities taught…

  • In this post I will use the case of Judas Iscariot to refute the Calvinistic doctrine of T.U.L.I.P.(1)by showing that the God-breathed Scriptures emphatically teach that Christ chose him for the express purpose of saving him, even though the Lord knew that he was a devil whom Satan would tempt to betray God’s uniquely begotten…

  • John Calvin saw a tension between his belief in God having freely, sovereignly decreed to save only the elect whom he would effectual bring to saving faith in Christ with those statements in Scripture that affirm God desiring, wanting, willing and calling all mankind to salvation in Christ. In order to resolve this contradiction with…

  • Table of Contents It is time again to show how the beliefs of some of the early church’s greatest scholars, theologians, apologists, philosophers, martyrs etc., directly conflict with Protestantism in general, and with Calvinism in particular.   In this segment, I will show how the views of both Augustine and John the Damascene contradict the…

  • Table of Contents 1 Chapter 5.— Against the Title of the Epistle of Manichæus In the following extract Augustine shows how the Gospels’ reliability rests on the authority of the Catholic Church and to, therefore, attack the Church is to undermine the veracity of the Gospels themselves. Here is what he wrote in refuting of…

  • The oldest extant written mention of the term Catholic, as applied to the Church, is found in one of the letters of the holy martyr St. Ignatius, who was a disciple of the Apostles and the Bishop of Rome: Chapter 8. Let nothing be done without the bishop See that you all follow the bishop, even…

  • Monepiscopacy, also called monarchical episcopate, refers to a single bishop chosen to preside and rule over the church with a college of presbyters and deacons. The evidence shows that this was an early and widespread practice of the universal church. In fact, a strong case can be made that this structure was already in place…

  • The following is taken from St. John Chrysostom’s Homily on St. Ignatius. All emphasis will be mine. 4. And I will speak of a fourth crown, arising for us out of this episcopate. What then is this? The fact that he was entrusted with our own native city. For it is a laborious thing indeed to have…

  • I will be quoting from the late Dr. Robert A. Morey’s The Trinity: Evidence and Issues, published by World Bible Publishers, Inc., Iowa Falls, IA, in 1996, Part IV: The New Testament Evidence, Chapter 17. God The Son. All emphasis will be mine.   The Blood of God   Be on guard for yourselves and…

  • I will be quoting from the late Dr. Robert A. Morey’s The Trinity: Evidence and Issues, published by World Bible Publishers, Inc., Iowa Falls, IA, in 1996, Part IV: The New Testament Evidence, Chapter 17. God The Son. All emphasis will be mine.   The Theophanies   We have already seen that in Old Testament…

  • The Council of Chalcedon is important in the history of Christianity, because it helped harmonize Saint Cyril of Alexandria’s Christology with the historical Christology of the West. These Christologies were identical during their day. The actual decree of Chalcedon that delineates the council’s Christology specifically quotes and parallels Cyril’s Christology and at one point, even his deposed…

  • Saint Cyril of Alexandria’s Christology is not terribly complicated. He taught that the person of God the Word assumed human essence, so that after this assumption (the incarnation) He had both a divine and human essence. Sometimes essence is called “substance” as it is in the Latin tradition and other times it is called “nature”…

  • 2 nd Century AD St. Clement of Alexandria (150-215 AD) “The believer through discipline divests himself of his passions and passes to the mansion better than the former one, passing through torments with repentance for post-baptismal sins. Although these punishments cease after purification, God’s righteousness allows for temporary suffering during expiation.” (Patres Groeci. IX, col.…

  • The following is taken from St. Irenaeus’ Adversus haereses, Book III. All emphasis will be mine. Chapter 3 A refutation of the heretics, from the fact that, in the various Churches, a perpetual succession of bishops was kept up. 1. It is within the power of all, therefore, in every Church, who may wish to see the truth,…

  • The following excerpt is taken from Francis Dvornik, Byzantine missions among the Slavs. SS. Constantine-Cyril and Methodius (F. Dvornik, Byzantine missions among the Slavs – 6), pp. 189-192. The citations deal with the letter of Pope St. Stephen (Latin – Stephanus V, died September 14, 891) where he mentions that the Roman Church is the seat…

  • In this post I will be citing from the works of St. Epiphanius in respect to the eternal procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and/through the Son. All emphasis will be mine.   44,3 I myself, therefore, do not worship anything that is inferior to the essence of God himself, since it is…

  • In this post I will be citing from the works of St. Cyril of Alexandria where this blessed saint spoke of the Spirit’s essential/natural procession from both the Father and the Son. All emphasis will be mine.   1.  That the Holy Spirit is naturally of God, and in the Son, and through Him and…

  • In this post I will share a few quotes from St. Gregory in respect to the Filioque, e.g., the Holy Spirit’s eternal procession from the Father by/through the Son. All emphasis will be mine.     Indeed, it would be a lengthy task to set out in detail from the Scriptures those constructions which are inexactly expressed,…

  • The extract is taken from St. Gregory Nazianzus’ Orations where he discusses the monarchy of the Father in respect to the Trinity. All emphasis will be mine. Oration 29    The Third Theological Oration.   On the Son.   I. This then is what might be said to cut short our opponents’ readiness to argue…

  • This comes from St. Gregory’s Oration 25. All emphasis will be mine. Define our piety by teaching the knowledge of: One God, unbegotten, the Father; and One begotten Lord, his Son, referred to as “God” when he is mentioned separately, but “Lord” when he is named together with the Father—the first on account of the [divine]…

  • What a rich and important topic. St. Irenaeus of Lyons stands as one of the most powerful early witnesses to the primacy of Rome, and his testimony deserves to be understood in full — both its weight and its context. 🏛️ St. Irenaeus of Lyons on the Papacy Who Was Irenaeus? St. Irenaeus (c. 130–202…

  • Free Grace Theology (FGT) — associated with figures like Zane Hodges and the Grace Evangelical Society claims to honor the Bible, but when held up to the full light of Scripture and Sacred Tradition, it falls short in several serious ways, and we’re going to prove it how it contradicts the Bible also! What Free…

  • This excerpt is taken from St. Athanasius who claims that the language adopted by Nicaea to describe the Son’s essential equality with the Father isn’t new but quite ancient, going back to at least 130 years earlier. Athanasius exposed the Arian heretics by appealing to an unbroken chain of Apostolic succession of Bishops to prove…

  • David Kimchi, also known as RaDaK, was a medieval rabbinic commentator and philosopher who lived from 1160–1235 AD. In this post I will quote from his commentary in regards to a few OT texts that are either Messianic or have a direct bearing on Christian exegesis of OT verses, such as Psalm 2:12. Radak on…

  • I share the following article on St. Maximus the Confessor from CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Maximus of Constantinople. St. Maximus of Constantinople Known as the Theologian and as Maximus Confessor, born at Constantinople about 580; died in exile 13 August, 662. He is one of the chief names in the Monothelite controversy one of the chief doctors of the theology of the Incarnation and of ascetic mysticism, and…

  • In this post I will be quoting from Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture: The Gospel of John, by Francis Martin and William M. Wright IV, published by BakerAcademic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, Grand Rapids, Michigan, and published in 2015. All emphasis will be mine. Authorship The Gospel does not explicitly name its author,…

  • Another Arian Bites the Dust According to John’s Gospel, the prophet Isaiah saw Jesus Christ in his prehuman existence as YHWH of Hosts seated on his heavenly throne: “Jesus replied, ‘The light is with you for a little while longer. Walk while you have the light, so that the darkness may not overtake you. The one who…

  • The land of Illyricum

  • In this post I will be looking at two OT texts, which the early Christians saw as foreshadowing Christ’s crucifixion. These early writers employed these particular verses as prophesying or prefiguring Christ’s death on a cross. First Prophecy I begin with the following reference from the Jeremiah: “and I am as a lamb or a…

  • In this article I will quote the relevant verses from both the Old and New Testaments where Israel is either said to be Sodom and Gomorrah, or even worse than them. I will further show how God also warns that Israel’s punishment will be much more severe and worse than that which he inflicted upon…

  • In this post I will be looking at two OT texts, which the early Christians saw as foreshadowing Christ’s crucifixion. These early writers employed these particular verses as prophesying or prefiguring Christ’s death on a cross.     First Prophecy   I begin with the following reference from the Jeremiah:   “and I am as…

  • I share some of the many statements from St. John Chrysostom, one of the greatest saints biblical exegetes of the Church, affirming the primacy of Peter. These citations attest that Chrysostom held to Peter being the Rock and Leaders of the universal Church, having been given a preeminence over the rest of the holy Apostles…

  • Muslim apologist Sami Zaatari has jumped on the so-called “Christian” unitarian bandwagon by rehashing the same old worn out arguments and objections of these heretics against the true historic Christian faith which is based on the accurate interpretation of the Holy Bible. In one of his articles, Zaatari appeals to the unitarian interpretation of Psalm…

  • Examining Psalm 110:1 A look at Its Implications on God being a Multi-Personal Being and upon the Deity of Christ Christians often appeal to Psalm 110:1 to prove that the Hebrew Bible teaches that Yahweh is multi-Personal, that there is more than one Person who is Yahweh God, and that the Messiah is God. The…

  • In this post I quote the commentary of Mar Ishodad of Merv (Mari Ishoʿdaḏ Maruzaya), who was the bishop of Hdatta (circa 850 AD), which is near current-day Mosul, Iraq. Ishodad is considered a very important and prominent theologian of the Assyrian Church of the East, who wrote some very influential commentaries on the Syriac version of the Holy…

  • The Relationship between God the Father, Son and Holy Spirit Now, having established that there is only ONE God but also that there are three persons who are shown to be this one God, we are faced with the question of how these three persons are ‘related’.  There have been different ‘models’ and ideas for…

  • Does the Bible Say, That the Holy Spirit Is God?  Before we look at the interrelationship of God, the Father, God, the Son, and God, the Holy Spirit, we have to quickly establish that the Holy Spirit is God. I think, if you could follow and accept the reasoning in the earlier parts, there should…

  • This lengthy extract from St. Optatus is taken from Optatus of Milevis, Against the Donatists (1917) Book 2. pp. 57-119. His statements affirm that the Roman Church is the See of Peter, and the grounds of unity which makes the Church one and universal. He further argues that to deviate or break communion from it is to…

  • The argument is: Arguments against Dyophysites: Premise 1) Ens and unum are strictly convertible; whatever is, is one, and whatever is one, is. Unity adds nothing positive to being, but is the privation of internal division Premise 2) Numerical unity is that mode of unity which is both undivided in itself and divided from every…

  • God’s Glory equated with His Praise and Honor Another indication that Jesus shares in the glory of God is that he receives the very honor and praise which only God is supposed to receive. According to the book of Isaiah, Yahweh says that he will not share his glory and praise with any other so-called…

  • It may surprise Christians to discover that Martin Luther candidly admitted that the Catholic Church traces itself back to the Apostles, that it genuinely has Apostolic Succession, despite having (in Luther’s erroneous view) corrupted itself throughout time. Here is Luther in his own words: Today the pope and his crowd cry out against us that…

  • The following quote is taken from Josephus’ The War of the Jews 5:5, translated by William Whiston. He states that the Divine Name consists of 4 vowels. All emphasis is mine. ז. ובני משפחת הכהֻנה, אשר לא יכלו לשָׁרֵת בקֹדש מפני מום אשר בבשרם, היו באים לפנים מן הקלעים עם אחיהם הכשרים ומקבלים את חלקי הזבחים…

  • In this post I will be quoting from two English translations of the Syriac translation of the Holy Bible, which is called the Peshitta. I cite this particular ancient version for the express purpose of showing that the Aramaic term for God, namely Alah/Alaha, is used for both the Father and the Son. I will also use…

  • The Aramaic Bible, commonly referred to as the Peshitta, employs a unique word MarYah, which some authorities believe is a compound phrase consisting of Aramaic Mar (“Lord”) and the shortened form of the Tetragrammaton or the divine name yod-heh-vav-heh, namely, Yah. If this is so then the term literally means “The Lord Yah,” or “The Lord Jehovah.”  What makes this all the…

  • The Views of Scholars and Apologists It probably wouldn’t be an exaggeration to say that the consensus of NT scholarship agrees that according to John 12:41, the inspired Evangelist believed that Isaiah actually saw the prehuman Christ in Isaiah 6 when the prophet beheld Yahweh’s glory in a vision. Here are some of the comments which affirm…

  • I am going to revisit the Apostle John’s claim that Isaiah beheld the visible glory of Christ when the Lord Jesus appeared to the prophet in his prehuman existence as Jehovah of Hosts seated on the throne. I am referring to the following text from the inspired Evangelist:  “‘Believe in the light while you have…

  • Every time anyone goes against Christianity shoot themselves on the foot. It started from the cross.

  • The late Dr. Gleason L. Archer addressed the issue of Ahaziah’s reign and age, since 2 Kings. 8:26 states he was 22 whereas 2 Chronicles 22:2 states he was 42. When did Ahaziah ben Jehoram become king? 2 Kings 8:25 says that Ahaziah son of Jehoram of Judah became king in the twelfth year of…

  • In this article I will reference statements from some of the greatest theologians, apologists, scholars, bishops and/or sons to show that the unanimous belief of the universal Church was that Peter was the chief and head of all the holy and blessed Apostles. Epistle of Clement to James Epistle of Clement to James Chapter I.-Peter’s…

  • The following citation is taken from William Cole’s article, “Was Luther a Devotee of Mary?,” found in Marian Studies, Volume XXI, 1970, p. 131: In a Christmas sermon of 1531, Luther speaks of Mary as the “HIGHEST WOMAN AND THE NOBLEST GEM in Christianity after Christ.” He goes on to claim that “she is nobility,…

Messiah of Midrash Tanchuma

I quote from Sefaria’s online version of Midrah Tanchuma where the Messiah is referenced. What makes this rabbinic source rather important is that it ascribes the following OT texts to the Messiah and/or the Messianic age: Ge. 27:22; Exod. 25:6; Num. 24:17; Pss. 21:4, 6; 72:17; 121:1; 132:7; Isa. 11:1-10; 40:9; 52:13; Zech. 4:7, 10; 9:9; 10:6; Mal. 4:2. All emphasis is mine.

 

ד”א הקול קול יעקב והידים ידי עשו, ידיו של עשו מתמוטטות כשיבא קולו של יעקב, זה מלך המשיח, שנאמר על הר גבוה עלי לך מבשרת ציון הרימי בכח קולך (ישעיה מ ט).

 

Another interpretation (of Gen. 27:22): THE VOICE IS THE VOICE OF JACOB, BUT THE HANDS ARE THE HANDS OF ESAU. The hands of Esau shall be shaken when the voice of Jacob comes. This (coming voice of Jacob) refers to the Messianic King, according to what is stated (in Is. 40:9): GO UP UPON A HIGH MOUNTAIN, O HERALD OF GOOD TIDINGS TO ZION, RAISE YOUR VOICE WITH STRENGTH. (Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Toldot 16)

 

כתיב שיר למעלות אשא עיני אל ההרים מאין יבא עזרי (תהלים קכא א), וכתיב מי אתה הר הגדול לפני זרובבל למישור (זכריה ד ז) מהו מי אתה הר הגדול, זהו מלך המשיח, ולמה קורא אותו הר הגדול, שהוא גדול מן האבות, שנאמר הנה ישפיל עבדי ירום ונשא וגבה מאד (ישעיה נב יג), ירום מן אברהם, ונשא מן משה, וגבה ממלאכי השרת, מן אברהם שכתוב בו הרימותי ידי אל ה’ (בראשית יד כב), ונשא מן משה, שנאמר כי תאמר אלי שאהו בחיקך כאשר ישא האומן את היונק (במדבר יא יב), וגבה מן מלאכי השרת שנאמר וגביהן וגובה להם וגו’ (יחזקאל א יח), ממי הוא יוצא [מזרובבל, וזרובבל] מדוד, שנאמר ובן שלמה רחבעם, אביה בנו, אסא בנו, יהושפט בנו, יורם בנו, אחזיהו בנו, יואש בנו, אמציהו בנו, עזריהו בנו, [יותם בנו], אחז בנו, חזקיהו בנו, מנשה בנו, אמון בנו, יאשיהו בנו, ובני יאשיהו הבכור יוחנן, השני יהויקים, השלישי צדקיה, הרביעי שלום, ובני יהויקים, יכניה בנו, צדקיה בנו, ובני יכניה אסיר שאלתיאל בנו, ומלכירם ופדיה ושנאצר יקמיה הושמע ונדביה, ובני פדייה זרובבל, ושמעי, ובני זרובבל משולם וחנניה ושלמית אחותם, וחשיבה ואוהל וברכיה (וחסריה) [וחסדיה] יושב חסד חמש, ובן חנניה (פליטיא) [פלטיה] וישעיה בני רפיה, בני ארנון, בני עובדיה, בני שכניה, ובני שכניה שמעיה, ובני שמעיה חטוש ויגאל [ובריח] ונעריה ושפט ששה, ובני נעריה אליו עיני וחזקיה ועזריקם שלשה, ובני אליועיני הודיוהו ואלישיב ופליה ועקוב ויוחנן ודליה וענני שבעה (דה”א ג, י עד כד). ועד כאן פרט [לך] הכתוב מי הוא ענני זה [מלך] המשיח, שנאמר חזה הוית (בחיזו עם לי לא) [בחזוי יליא] וארו עם ענני שמיא וגו’ (דניאל ז יג), ומהו שבעה [מה] שכתוב במשיח, שנאמר כי מי בז ליום קטנות ושמחי וראי את האבן הבדיל ביד זרובבל שבעה (הנה) [אלה] עיני ה’ המה (משוטטות) [משוטטים] בכל הארץ (זכריה ד י), לכך נאמר מי אתה הר הגדל לפני זרובבל למישור, אותו שכתוב בו ושפט בצדק דלים והוכיח במישור וגו’ (ישעיה יא ג).

 

It is written (in Ps. 121:1): A SONG OF ASCENTS. I WILL LIFT UP MY EYES UNTO THE MOUNTAINS. FROM WHERE WILL MY HELP COME? It is also written (in Zech. 4:7): WHO ARE YOU, O GREAT MOUNTAIN, BEFORE ZERUBBABEL? BECOME LEVEL GROUND. Tanh., Gen. 6:14. What is the meaning of WHO ARE YOU, O GREAT MOUNTAIN? This is the Messianic King. Then why does it call him GREAT MOUNTAIN? Because he is greater than the ancestors, as stated (in Is. 52:13): BEHOLD, MY SERVANT SHALL BRING LOW. The Masoretic Text reads: SHALL PROSPER. HE SHALL BE EXALTED, LIFTED UP, AND BECOME EXCEEDINGLY TALL. HE SHALL BE EXALTED (rt.: RWM) more than Abraham, LIFTED UP more than Moses, AND BECOME EXCEEDINGLY TALL, more so than the ministering angels. < HE SHALL BE EXALTED > more than Abraham, of whom it is written (in Gen. 14:22): I HAVE RAISED (rt.: RWM) MY HAND UNTO THE LORD. < He shall be > LIFTED UP more than Moses, of whom it is stated (in Numb. 11:12): THAT YOU (the LORD) SHOULD SAY TO ME (Moses): LIFT THEM UP IN YOUR BOSOM AS THE NURSE LIFTS UP A SUCKLING CHILD. AND < he shall > BECOME… TALL (rt.: GBH), more than the ministering angels, of whom it is stated (in Ezek. 1:18): THEIR (the angelic wheels’) RIMS (rt.: GBB) WERE BOTH TALL (rt.: GBH) < AND AWESOME >….

 

From whom did he arise? From [Zerubbabel, and Zerubbabel < arose >] from David. Thus it is stated (in I Chron 3:10-24): AND SOLOMON’S SON WAS REHOBOAM, ABIJAH HIS SON, ASA HIS SON, JEHOSHAPHAT HIS SON, JORAM HIS SON, AHAZIAH HIS SON, JOASH HIS SON, AMAZIAH HIS SON, AZARIAH HIS SON, [JOTHAM HIS SON], AHAZ HIS SON, HEZEKIAH HIS SON, MANASSEH HIS SON, AMON HIS SON, AND JOSIAH HIS SON. NOW THE SONS OF JOSIAH WERE JOHANAN THE FIRST-BORN, JEHOIAKIM THE SECOND, ZEDEKIAH THE THIRD, AND SHALLUM THE FOURTH. THE SONS OF JEHOIAKIM WERE HIS SON JECONIAH AND HIS SON ZEDEKIAH. AND THE SONS OF JECONIAH, THE CAPTIVE, WERE SHEALTIEL HIS SON, MALCHIRAM, PEDAIAH, SHENAZZAR, JEKAMIAH, HOSHAMA, AND NEDABIAH. THE SONS OF PEDAIAH WERE ZERUBBABEL AND SHIMEI. THE SONS OF ZERUBBABEL WERE MESHULLAM AND HANANIAH, AND SHELOMITH WAS THEIR SISTER; ALSO HASHUBAH, OHEL, BERECHIAH, (HASARIAH) [HASADIAH], JUSHABHESED: FIVE (from after the exile). AND THE SONS OF HANANIAH WERE (PELITIA) [PELATIAH] AND JESHAIAH. AND THE SONS OF < JESHAIAH >: REPHAIAH; THE SONS OF < REPHAIAH >: ARNAN; THE SONS OF < ARNAN >: OBADIAH; THE SONS OF < OBADIAH >: SHECANIAH; THE SONS OF SHECANIAH: SHEMAIAH. THE SONS OF SHEMAIAH WERE HATTUSH, IGAL, [BARIAH], NEARIAH, AND SHAPHAT: SIX. THE SONS OF NEARIAH WERE ELIOENAI, HIZKIAH, AND AZRIKAM: THREE. AND THE SONS OF ELIOENAI WERE HODAVIAH, ELIASHIB, PELAIAH, AKKUB, JOHANAN, DELAIAH, AND ANANI: SEVEN.

 

Now up to here the Scripture has given [you] detail. Who is Anani? This is the Messianic [King], as stated (in Dan. 7:13): AS I WAS LOOKING ON (IN A VISION AT NIGHT) [IN THE NIGHT VISIONS], BEHOLD, ALONG WITH ANANI *The Masoretic Text vocalizes ‘anani as ‘anane, which means “clouds.” OF < HEAVEN, ONE LIKE A HUMAN BEING >…. What is the meaning of the SEVEN (in I Chron. 3:24)? [What is] that which is written about the Messiah? That which is stated (in Zech. 4:10): FOR WHOEVER HAS DESPISED THE DAY OF SMALL THINGS SHALL REJOICE TO SEE THE PLUMMET IN THE HAND OF ZERUBBABEL, < EVEN > SEVEN: (BEHOLD), [THESE ARE] THE EYES (‘ene) OF THE LORD. THEY ROAM AROUND ALL THE EARTH. It is therefore stated (in Zech. 4:7): WHO ARE YOU, O GREAT MOUNTAIN, BEFORE ZERUBBABEL? BECOME LEVEL GROUND. This is what is written about him (in Is. 11:4): SO HE SHALL JUDGE THE POOR WITH RIGHTEOUSNESS AND DECIDE WITH EQUITY < FOR THE MEEK (‘anawi) OF THE EARTH >…. (Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Toldot 20)

 

ויצו אותם לאמר כה תאמרן לאדני לעשו. הוא קראו אדוני, אמר ירמיה מה תאמרי כי יפקד עליך ואת למדת אותם עליך אלופים לראש (ירמיה יג כא). אמר ר’ פנחס אנטונינוס היה מכבד את רבינו מה שאין סוף, וכשהיה רבינו משלחני אצלו, והיה כותב לו אגרת וכותב בה עבדך יהודה שואל השלומך, והיה רע לאנטונינוס לומר שהוא קורא עצמו עבד, א”ל אל תכתוב עוד כדבר הזה, א”ל רבינו כך אני כותב לך, שאיני טוב מיעקב אבא, כששלח אצל עשו מה אמר לו, כה אמר עבדך יעקב, לא נעשיתי אוונתיסאי, עם לבן גרתי, לא הגיעני אחת מן הברכות שברכני אביך, אביך ברכניויתן לך האלהים מטל השמים ומשמני הארץ, (בראשית כז כח), ואני אין בידי אחת מהן, אלא ויהי לי שור וחמור צאן, שאינו לא מן השמים ולא מן הארץ, כלום אתה שונא אותי, אלא בשביל הברכות, [עדיין לא הגיעני אפילו אחת], וכי שור אחד וחמור אחד היו לו, שהוא אומר ויהי לי שור וחמור וגו’, ר’ יהודה ור’ נחמיה, ר’ יהודה אומר דרך ארץ השיח, כאדם שהוא אומר על הכל, הלך כמור קרא תרנגול, ור’ נחמיה אמר לומר לו עבדך יעקב הריני משפיל עצמי לפניך, אם בקשתה הרי יפה, ואם לאו ויהי לי שור וחמור, [שור] זה יוסף שנאמר בכור שורו הדר לו וגו’ (דברים לג יז), ומסורת אגדה היא שאין עשו נופל אלא ביד בניה של רחל, למה, שאמר אם לא יסחבום צעירי הצאן (ירמיה מט כ), אלו בניה של רחל, וחמור זה מלך המשיח, שנאמר גילי מאד בת ציון ריעי בת ירושלים וגו’ עני ורוכב על החמור (זכריה ט ט), צאן אלו ישראל, שנאמר ואתם צאני צאן מרעיתי אדם אתם (יחזקאל לד לא), ועבד ושפחה אלו ישראל, שנאמר בהן הנה כעיני עדים וגו’ (תהלים קכג ב).

 

(Gen. 32:5 [4]:) AND HE INSTRUCTED THEM, SAYING: THUS YOU SHALL SAY TO MY LORD ESAU. He called him MY LORD. Jeremiah has said (in Jer. 13:21): WHAT WILL YOU SAY WHEN HE SHALL APPOINT AS YOUR HEADS THOSE WHOM YOU HAD TAUGHT TO BE YOUR FRIENDS? R. Pinhas said: Antoninus gave Our Rabbi (Judah the Prince) the highest honors; but, when Our Rabbi sent me to him, he wrote him a letter and wrote in it: Your servant Judah asks about your welfare. But it displeased Antoninus, namely, that he called himself a servant. He said to him: Do not write again like this. Our Rabbi said to him: I write in such a way to you because I am no better than the patriarch Jacob. When he sent away to Esau, what did he say to him (according to Gen. 32:5 [4])? THUS SAYS YOUR SERVANT JACOB: I have not become an independent authority. (Ibid., cont.:) I LIVED WITH LABAN. Not one of the blessings with which your father blessed me has reached me. Your father blessed me (in Gen. 27:28): SO MAY GOD GIVE TO YOU OF THE DEW OF HEAVEN AND THE FAT PLACES OF THE EARTH; yet, I do not have one of them in hand. Rather (according to Gen. 32:6 [5]), I HAVE OX AND ASS, SHEEP, which are neither of the heavens nor of the earth. Do you hate me merely because of the blessings, [even though one has yet to reach me]? Did he have < only > one ox and one ass, in that it says (ibid.): I HAVE OX AND ASS … (in the singular)? Cf. Gen. R. 75:6. R. Judah and R. Nehemiah differ. R. Judah says: It is a figure of speech, as in the case of one who says in a collective sense: Ass went; cock crowed. This is the interpretation of modem translations. But R. Nehemiah said: < He spoke > to him, saying: Here am I, your servant Jacob, humbling myself before you. If you desire it, see, it is fine. But, if not, (ibid.:) I HAVE < AN > OX AND < AN > ASS < … >. [AN OX:] This is Joseph, as stated (of him in Deut. 33:17): LIKE A FIRSTLING OX HE HAS MAJESTY, < AND HIS HORNS ARE THE HORNS OF A WILD OX…. SUCH ARE THE MYRIADS OF EPHRAIM, AND SUCH ARE THE THOUSANDS OF MANASSEH >. There is an aggadic tradition that Esau will only fall at the hands of Rachel’s children. Why? Because it is stated (in Jer. 49:20): SURELY THE YOUNGEST OF YOUR FLOCK SHALL DRAG THEM AWAY. These < youngest > are the children of Rachel. (Gen. 32:6 [5], cont.:) AND < AN > ASS. This is the Messianic King, as stated (in Zech. 9:9): REJOICE GREATLY, O DAUGHTER OF ZION, SHOUT ALOUD, O DAUGHTER OF JERUSALEM; < behold your king comes > … HUMBLE AND RIDING UPON AN ASS. (Gen. 32:6 [5], cont.:) A FLOCK. This is Israel, as stated (in Ezek. 34:31): FOR YOU, MY FLOCK, THE FLOCK OF MY PASTURE, YOU ARE HUMANS. (Gen. 32:6 [5], cont.:) MALE AND FEMALE SLAVES. This < also > refers to Israel, about which it is stated (in Ps. 123:2): BEHOLD, AS THE EYES OF MALE SLAVES < LOOK TO THEIR MASTER’S HAND, AS THE EYES OF A FEMALE SLAVE TO THE EYES OF HER MISTRESS, SO DO OUR EYES LOOK TO THE LORD OUR GOD >…. (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 5)

 

ד”א כי לא מחשבותי, יוסף מכרו אותו אחיו למדנים והמדנים מכרו אותו אל מצרים, עד שלא ירד יוסף, ירד יהודה להתקין גואל אחרון זה מלך המשיח [שיצא ממנו מלך המשיח], וילך יהודה אין כתיב כאן, אלא וירד יהודה, אמר ר’ יוחנן נסמך ירידה לירידה, ירידת יוסף לירידת יהודה, ויוסף הורד מצרימה וירד יהודה, כיוצא בדבר אתה אומר ביה בליליא קטיל בלשצר מלכא כשדאה (דניאל ה ל), מה כתיב אחריו, ודריוש מדאה קביל מלכותא (שם ו א), נסמך קוצץ לקוצץ, מחריב בית למחריב בית והפסק מלכות להפסק מלכות. 

 

Another interpretation (of Is. 55:8): FOR MY THOUGHTS ARE NOT < YOUR THOUGHTS >. In the case of Joseph, his brothers sold him to the Midianites, and the Midianites sold him unto the Egyptians. Before Joseph went away, Judah went away to prepare for the final redeemer, i.e., the Messianic King, I.e., through a marriage out of which would come the Messianic King. See Gen. R. 85:1. [for out of him would the Messianic King come forth]. “That Judah went” is not written here, but THAT JUDAH WENT AWAY. R. Johanan said: The one going away depends upon the other. The going away of Judah depends upon the going away of Joseph. Gen. R. 85:2. (Gen. 39:1:) WHEN JOSEPH WAS TAKEN AWAY TO EGYPT < corresponds to > (Gen. 38:1) THAT JUDAH WENT AWAY. Similarly you say on the matter (in Dan. 5:30): IN THAT VERY NIGHT WAS BELSHAZZAR THE CHALDEAN KING SLAIN. What is written next (in Dan. 6:1 [5:31])? AND DARIUS THE MEDE RECEIVED THE KINGDOM. The one destroyer depends upon the other, the destroyer of a house upon the destroyer of a house, the cessation of a kingdom upon the cessation of a kingdom.

 

ד”א וירא שם יהודה. יש שנאף ונשכר ויש שנאף והפסיד, יש שגנב ונשכר ויש שגנב והפסיד, יש שגנב ונשכר זה פנחס ונשכר זה פנחס, יש שגנב והפסיד זה עכן, יש שנאף והפסיד זה זמרי, נאף ונשכר זה יהודה שממנו עמדו פרץ וחצרון שהן עתידין להעמיד לדוד ולמלך המשיח, שהוא עתיד לגאול את ישראל ראה כמה עלילות הביא הקב”ה עד שלא העמיד מלך המשיח מיהודה, אותו שכתוב בו ונחה עליו רוח ה’ (ישעיה יא ב).

 

Another interpretation (continuing in Gen. 38:2): AND JUDAH SAW THERE < THE DAUGHTER OF A CERTAIN CANAANITE >. There is the one who committed fornication and profited; there is also the one who committed fornication and lost. < There is the one who killed and profited; there is also the one who killed and lost. There is the one who stole and profited; there is also the one who stole and lost. There is the one who stole and lost, i.e., Achan (of Joshua 7). There is the one who stole and profited, i.e., Rachel, of whom it is stated (in Gen. 31:19): SO RACHEL STOLE. There is the one who killed and lost (in Numb. 35:16): THE MURDERER SHALL SURELY BE PUT TO DEATH. There is the one who killed and profited, i.e., Phinehas (of Numb. 25:7-13) >. *This section in angle brackets (< >) is taken from Codex Vaticanus Ebr. 34. The shorter Buber text, which has Phinehas stealing instead of killing, reads as follows: “There is the one who stole and profited; there is also the one who stole and lost. There is the one who stole and profited. This is Phinehas. There is the one who stole and lost. This is Achan (of Joshua 7).” There is the one who committed fornication and lost. This is Zimri (of Numb. 25:6-14). There is the one who committed fornication and profited. This is Judah, since from him arose Perez and Hezron, who were going to sire < the line of > David (according to Ruth 4:18-21) and the Messianic King, who is going to redeem Israel. Look at how many episodes the Holy One brings about before he raises up the Messianic King from Judah! That is the one about whom it is written (in Is. 11:2): AND THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD SHALL REST UPON HIM. (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayeshev 11)

 

ד”א ויגש אליו יהודה. זש”ה אחד באחד יגשו ורוח לא יבא ביניהם (איוב מא ח), זה יהודה ויוסף, שכל מה שנתגאה יוסף בא יהודה ונצח אותו, שנאמר ולא יכול יוסף להתאפק (בראשית מה א), למה היו דומין, לשור שהיה יוצא והיו כל החיות בורחות מפניו, והיה בועט לזה ומנגח לזה, ובא האריה ולא עמד לפניו, אלא נראה הארי ובקשו לשור ולא נמצא, כך יוסף נמשל בשור, שנאמר בכור שורו הדר לו (דברים לג יז), והשבטים נמשלו לחיות, והיה יוסף מתגאה עליהם ומבעט אותם, ויתנכר אליהם, ומנגח לזה, ויקח מאתם את שמעון, לא עשה, אלא כיון שיצא הארי, גור איה יהודה (בראשית מט ט), בקשו לשור ולא נמצא, אלא ולא יכול יוסף להתאפק, למה, ליש גבור בבהמה ולא ישוב מפני כל (משלי ל ל), אפילו מפני שכתיב בו ויכלכל. אף לעתיד לבא משוח מלחמה עתיד לעמוד מיוסף, ומשוח העומד מיהודה קשה ממנו, שנאמר וגברתי את בית יהודה [ואת בית יוסף אושיע] (זכריה י ו).

 

Another interpretation (of Gen. 44:18): THEN JUDAH DREW NEAR UNTO HIM. This text is related (to Job 41:8 [16]): ONE IS SO NEAR TO THE OTHER THAT NO AIR CAN COME BETWEEN THEM. This refers to Judah and Joseph, for in whatever Joseph prided himself, Judah came and vanquished, as stated (in Gen. 45:1): JOSEPH COULD NOT RESTRAIN HIMSELF. To what were they comparable? To a bull that went out; and, when all the beasts fled from him, he kicked (rt.: B’T) at one and gored at another. Then came the lion, but he did not stand up to him. Rather, when the lion appeared and sought out the bull, he was not to be found. So Joseph is likened to the bull, as stated (in Deut. 33:17): LIKE A FIRSTLING BULL HE HAS MAJESTY. The tribes also have been likened to beasts, and Joseph was priding himself as being over them and despising (rt.: B’T) them. (According to Gen. 42:7) HE BECAME A STRANGER TO THEM. Then goring at a particular one, (according to Gen. 42:24) HE TOOK SIMON FROM THEM. He acted so only until the lion came, < for > (according to Gen. 49:24) JUDAH IS A LION’S WHELP. He sought him out as the bull, but he was not to be found. Rather (according to Gen. 45:1): JOSEPH COULD NOT RESTRAIN HIMSELF. Why? (Prov. 30:30:) THE LION IS THE MIGHTIEST AMONG THE BEASTS, AND RETREATS BEFORE NONE, even because it is written of him (in Gen. 47:12): AND < JOSEPH > SUSTAINED < HIS FATHER AND HIS BROTHERS >. *One would expect some saying about Judah. Buber’s note here suggests that SUSTAINED be read as two words, apart from the biblical context, and interpreted as “All in all,” i.e., the lion is “all in all” in the world of beasts. Cf. Tanh., Gen. 11:3: “Who has stood facing a bull? The lion, as stated (Gen. 44:18): THEN JUDAH DREW NEAR UNTO HIM.” Also in the world to come a fighting Messiah is going to arise from Joseph, but a Messiah who is to arise from Judah will be stronger than he, as stated (in Zech. 10:6): I WILL STRENGTHEN THE HOUSE OF JUDAH, < BUT THE HOUSE OF JOSEPH I WILL SAVE >.  (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 3)

 

ושכבתי עם אבותי וגו’ (בראשית מז ל). למה כל האבות תובעין ומחבבין קבורת ארץ ישראל, אמר ר’ חנניה אמר ר’ יהושע בן לוי דברים בגו, אתהלך לפני ה’ בארצות החיים (תהלים קטז ט), אמרו רבותינו שני דברים בשם ר’ חלבו למה אבות מחבבין ארץ ישראל לקבורה, שמתי ארץ ישראל חיים תחלה לימות המשיח, ואוכלין שנות המשיח. ור’ חמא ב”ר חנינא אמר מי שמת בחוצה לארץ ונקבר שם שתי מיתות יש בידו, מנין שנאמר ואתה פשחור וכל יושבי ביתך תלכו בשבי ובבל תבא ושם תמות ושם תקבר אתה וכל אהביך אשר נבאת להם בשקר (ירמיה כ ז). אמר ר’ סימון אם כן הפסיקו הצדיקים שבחוצה לארץ נקברין, אלא מה הקב”ה עשה (מחזר) [מחרר] לפניהם את הארץ, ועש אותן כנודות הללו והם מתגלגלין ובאין, עד שמגיעין אל ארץ ישראל, וכיון שמגיעין לארץ ישראל נותן בהם רוח חיים, והן עומדין מנין, שנאמר (הנני) [הנה אני] פותח את קברותיכם וגו’ (יחזקאל לז יב), ואחר כך ונתתי רוחי בכם וחייתם (שם שם יד). אמר ריש לקיש מקרא מלא הוא כיון שמגיעין לארץ ישראל, הקב”ה נותן בהם נשמה, שנאמר נותן נשמה לעם עליה (ישעיה מב ה).

 

(Gen. 47:30:) WHEN I SLEEP WITH MY ANCESTORS…. Why do all the ancestors search for and cherish burial in the land of Israel? Gen. R. 96:5(7). R. Hananiah said: R. Joshua ben Levi said: There is a reason for this (in Ps. 116:9): I WILL WALK BEFORE THE LORD IN THE LANDS OF THE LIVING. Our masters have said two things in the name of R. Helbo: Why did the ancestors cherish the land of Israel for burial? Because the dead in the land of Israel shall be the first to revive in the days of the Messiah and enjoy the messianic years. See above, 7:23, and the references noted there. R. Hama b. R. Hanina said: The one who dies outside of the land and is buried there has two deaths. Where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Jer. 20:6): YOU ALSO, PASHUR, AND ALL WHO DWELL IN YOUR HOUSE SHALL GO INTO CAPTIVITY. SO YOU SHALL COME TO BABYLON, WHERE YOU SHALL DIE AND WHERE YOU SHALL BE BURIED, YOU ALONG WITH ALL YOUR FRIENDS TO WHOM YOU PROPHESIED FALSELY. The burial outside Israel is seen here as the second death. R. Simon said: If so, are the righteous who are buried outside the land at a disadvantage? So what does the Holy One do? He {goes back to} [bores through] the land before them and makes them like skin bottles See yKet. 12:3 (35b); cf. the parallel in Tanh., Gen. 11:3: “He makes cavities for them in the land and makes them (the cavities) like these caverns….” Cf. also Ket. 111b. so that they come rolling < on through > until they arrive in the land of Israel. Then, when they arrive in the land of Israel, he puts the spirit of life in them; and they arise. Where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Ezek. 37:12): BEHOLD, I WILL OPEN YOUR GRAVES … < O MY PEOPLE, AND BRING YOU UNTO THE LAND OF ISRAEL >. Then afterwards (in vs. 14): AND I WILL PUT MY SPIRIT WITHIN YOU SO THAT YOU SHALL LIVE. Resh Laqish said: Scripture clearly states that, when they arrive in the land of Israel, the Holy One puts breath in them, as stated (in Is. 42:5): WHO GIVES BREATH TO THE PEOPLE UPON IT AND SPIRIT TO THOSE WHO WALK THEREON. (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6)

 

כי באפם הרגו איש. כשהרגו את שכם בן חמור אמר להם עכרתם אותי, מיד ארור אפם כי עז, אין השבטים הללו יכולין לישב כאחת, אלא אחלקם ביעקב ואפיצם בישראל, נכנס יהודה וקילסו. יהודה אתה יודוך אחיך, אתה בשמך הודת אמך כשילדה אותך אמה הפעם אודה את ה’ (בראשית כט לה), ומה ראתה להודות ביהוה, אלא ילדה לראובן, וראה דתן ואבירם ולא הודת בו, ילדה לשמעון וראתה זמרי ולא הודת בו, ילדה ללוי וראתה קרח ולא הודת בו, כיון שילדה ליהודה מיד הודת בו, שהוא הודה במעשה תמר, שנאמר ויכר יהודה ויאמר צדקה ממני (שם לח כו), א”ל אביו אמך הודית בך ואת הודית, לפיכך אחיך יודו לו. יצחק כשבירך ליעקב אמר לו וישתחוו לך בני אמך (שם כז כט), שלא היה לו אלא אשה אחת, אבל יעקב שהיו לו ארבע נשים אמר בני אביך, למה יודוך אחיך שכל ישראל יקראו על שמך יהודים, ולא עוד אלא שהמשיח יוצא ממך שהוא מושיע את ישראל, שנאמר ויצא חוטר מגזע ישי וגו’ (ישעיה יא א).

 

(Gen. 49:6:) FOR IN THEIR ANGER THEY KILLED A MAN, when they killed Shechem ben Hamor. He said to them: You have afflicted me. Immediately (in vs. 7): CURSED BE THEIR ANGER SO FIERCE. These tribes were unable to dwell together. Rather (ibid., cont.): I WILL DIVIDE THEM IN JACOB AND SCATTER THEM IN ISRAEL. Judah came in and < Jacob > praised him (in vs. 8): YOU, O JUDAH, YOUR BROTHERS SHALL PRAISE (rt.: YDH). In your case, your mother gave praise (rt.: YDH) through your name (Judah, rt.: YDH). When she bore you, she said (in Gen. 29:35): THIS TIME I WILL PRAISE (rt.: YDH) THE LORD; < THEREFORE SHE CALLED HIS NAME JUDAH (rt.: YDH) >. And what did she see to praise in Judah? It is simply that she had given birth to Reuben and foreseen Dathan and Abiram (in Numb. 16:1); so she had not given praise over him (i.e., Reuben). She had given birth to Simeon and foreseen Zimri; so she had not given praise over him. She had given birth to Levi and foreseen Korah; so she had not given praise over him. When she gave birth to Judah, she immediately gave praise (rt.: YDH) over him because he made a confession (rt.: YDH) in the Tamar incident, as stated (in Gen. 38:26): THEN JUDAH GAVE ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND SAID: SHE IS MORE RIGHTEOUS THAN I. See Gen. R. 99 (another version):8 (= p. 1279 in the Theodor-Albeck edition). His father said to him: Your mother has given praise (rt.: YDH) over you, and you have made a confession (rt.: YDH). Therefore your brothers shall praise (rt.: YDH) you. Although the Buber text has “him” here, the correct reading must be “you.” When Isaac blessed Jacob, he had said to him (in Gen. 27:29): AND MAY YOUR MOTHER’S CHILDREN BOW DOWN TO YOU, since he had only one wife. But, since Jacob had four wives, he said (in Gen. 49:8): YOUR FATHER’S CHILDREN < SHALL BOW DOWN TO YOU >. Gen. R. 66:4. Why shall your brothers praise you? Because all Israel shall be called by your name, < i.e., > Jews. Gen. R. 98(99):6. In Hebrew the word “Jews” is simply the plural of Judah, which in turn has the same root as the Hebrew verb meaning “praise.” And not only that, but out of you is coming the Messiah, who is saving Israel, as stated (in Is. 11:10): BUT A SHOOT SHALL COME FORTH FROM THE STEM OF JESSE…. *Cf. Romans 15:12; Rev. 5:5. (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 12)

 

ד”א מי הוא זה מלך הכבוד. מי הוא זה המלך שחילק כבוד ליראיו, ה’ צבאות וגו’, כיצד מלך בשר ודם אין יושבין על כסאו, והקב”ה הושיב שלמה על כסאו, שנאמר וישב שלמה על כסא ה’ (דה”א כט כג), מלך בשר ודם אין רוכבין על סוסו, והקב”ה הרכיב לאליהו על סוסו, ומהו סוסו של הקב”ה סופה וסערה, שנא’ ה’ בסופה ובשערה דרכו וגו’ (נחום א ג), מלך בשר ודם אין משתמשין בשרביטו, ומשה נשתמש בשרביטו של הקב”ה, שנאמר ויקח משה את מטה האלהים בידו (שמות ד כ), מלך בשר ודם אין לובשין עטרה שלו, והקב”ה נתן עטרות למלך המשיח, שנאמר תשית לראשו עטרת פז (תהלים כא ד). מלך בשר ודם אין לובשין לבושו, וישראל לבשו לבושו של הקב”ה עוז, שנאמר עורי עורי לבשי עז זרוע ה’ (ישעיה נא ט), ונתנו לישראל שנאמר ה’ עוז לעמו יתן (תהלים כט יא), מלך בשר ודם, אין קוראין בשמו כמו קיסר אגוסתוס, בסילואוס, ואם קרא אדם אחד באחד מהם אין לו חיים, תדע לך שאדם קרוא לחבירו אוגסטה פלוני, אבל הקב”ה אמר למשה הרי עשיתי אותך כמותי לפרעה אלהים, שנאמר ראה נתתיך אלהים לפרעה (שמות ז א), הוי מי הוא זה מלך הכבוד, שחלק מכבודו ליראיו. 

 

Another interpretation (of Ps. 24:8 & 10): WHO IS THIS KING OF GLORY? Who is he? This is the king who distributes glory to those who fear him (according to vs. 10, cont.): THE LORD OF HOSTS, <HE IS THE KING OF GLORY>. Tanh., Exod. 2:8; M. Pss. 21:2; below, Numb. 2:24; 3:15; and the other parallels listed there. In what way? In the case of a king of flesh and blood, no one sits on his throne; See Sanh. 2:5, which affirms this royal prerogative along with the two which follow. yet the Holy One had Solomon sit on his throne. It is so stated (in I Chron. 29:23): THEN SOLOMON SAT UPON THE THRONE OF THE LORD. In the case of a king of flesh and blood, no one rides upon his horse; yet the Holy One had Elijah ride on his horse. Now what is the horse of the Holy One? Whirlwind and storm, as stated (in Nahum 1:3): THE LORD IS IN THE WHIRLWIND, AND THE STORM IS HIS ROAD. In the case of a king of flesh and blood, no one uses his scepter; yet Moses used the scepter of the Holy One. It is so stated (in Exod. 4:20): AND MOSES TOOK THE ROD OF GOD IN HIS HAND. In the case of a king of flesh and blood, no one puts on his crown; yet the Holy One has given crowns to the Messianic King. It is so stated (in Ps. 21:4): YOU HAVE SET ON HIS HEAD A CROWN OF FINE GOLD. In the case of a king of flesh and blood, no one puts on his robes; yet Israel has put on the Holy One’s robes, <i.e.,> strength. It is so stated (in Is. 51:9): AWAKE, AWAKE, PUT ON STRENGTH, O ARM OF THE LORD; and he has given it to Israel, as stated (in Ps. 29:11): THE LORD WILL GRANT STRENGTH TO HIS PEOPLE. In the case of a king of flesh and blood, no one calls <anyone else> by his title, as <for example> Caesar, Augustus, <or> King; *Gk.: Basileus. and, if a certain person calls anyone by one of them, he will not live. Do you yourself know a person who calls his friend Augusta so-and-so? But the Holy One said to Moses: See, I have made you like me to Pharaoh. I am called God; and in that name I created the world, as stated (in Gen. 1:1): IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH. And here I have made you like me, a god to Pharaoh. Thus it is stated (in Exod. 7:1) SEE, I HAVE SET YOU AS A GOD TO PHARAOH. Ergo (in Ps. 24:8 & 10): WHO IS THIS KING OF GLORY? The one who distributes glory to those who fear him. (Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 7)

 

מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם אֵין מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בְּשַׁרְבִיטוֹ. וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מָסַר שַׁרְבִיטוֹ לְמֹשֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת מַטֵּה הָאֱלֹהִים בְּיָדוֹ. מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם אֵין לוֹבְשִׁין עֲטָרָה שֶׁלּוֹ. וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עָתִיד לְהַלְבִּישׁ עֲטָרָה שֶׁלּוֹ לְמֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ. וּמַהוּ עֲטָרָה שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא? כֶּתֶם פָּז, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: רֹאשׁוֹ כֶּתֶם פָּז (שה״‎ש ה, יא). וְכָתוּב בּוֹ: תָּשִׁית לְרֹאשׁוֹ עֲטֶרֶת פָּז (תהלים כא, ד).

 

No one may use the scepter of a human king, but the Holy One, blessed be He, handed His scepter to Moses, as it is said: And Moses took the scepter of the Lord in his hand (Exod. 4:20). No one would dare don the crown of a human king, but in the future the Holy One, blessed be He, will place His crown upon the head of King Messiah. What is the crown of the Holy One, blessed be He, like? The crown of the Holy One, blessed be He, is of the finest gold, as it is said: His head is of the most fine gold (Song 5:11), and it is also written about Him elsewhere: Thou settest a crown of fine gold on his head (Isa. 21:4). (Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 8)

 

לְפִי שֶׁבִּטְּלָה יִשְׂרָאֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ וְהָגִיתָ בּוֹ יוֹמָם וָלַיְלָה (יהושע א, ח). לְפִיכָךְ אֲנִי פּוֹרֵעַ מִמֶּנָּה בָּאֵשׁ שֶׁלֹּא תִּכְבֶּה לְעוֹלָם בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה. וּלְפִי שֶׁשָּׂרְפָה בֵּיתִי שֶׁהֶעָשָׁן הָיָה יוֹצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ, דִּכְתִיב: וְהַבַּיִת יִמָּלֵא עָשָׁן (ישעיה ו, ד), לְפִיכָךְ לְעוֹלָם תַּעֲלֶה עֲשָׁנָהּ. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: קוֹל שָׁאוֹן מֵעִיר (ישעיה סו, ו). אוֹמֵר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אֶלָּא קוֹל מֵהֵיכָל (ישעיה סו, ו), אֵין אַתֶּם זְכוּרִים מָה עֲשִׂיתֶם בַּהֵיכָל. קוֹל ה’ מְשַׁלֵּם גְּמוּל לְאֹיְבָיו. (ישעיה סו, ו) וְאֵימָתַי יִהְיֶה הַגְּמוּל הַזֶּה? לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: גְּמוּל אֱלֹהִים הוּא יָבוֹא וְישַׁעֲכֶם (ישעיה לה, ד).

 

Because Egypt forced Israel to neglect the Law, concerning which it is written: But thou shalt meditate therein day and night (Josh. 1:8), I will exact punishment from it with a fire that shall not be quenched night nor day. Why was fire used? Because they burned “My house from which smoke poured forth” (the Temple), as it is said: And the house was filled with smoke (Isa. 6:4). Therefore, the smoke thereof shall go up forever (ibid. 39:4). But it also says: And thus the Sound of an uproar from the city (ibid. 66:6). And so the Holy One, blessed be He, said to them: Hark, it cometh from the Temple. Do you not remember what you did in the Temple? Hark! The Lord rendereth recompense to His enemies (ibid. 66:6). When will they be recompensed? This refers to the Messianic Age, as it is said: The messenger of the Lord, he will come, and he will save them (ibid. 35:4). (Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 13)

 

אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: לֹא שֶׁאֲנִי חַיָּב לְאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם אֲנִי מְמַשְׁכֵּן לָהֶן מִקְדָּשִׁי, אֶלָּא עֲוֹנוֹתֵיכֶם גָּרְמוּ לִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כֹּה אָמַר ה’ אֵי זֶה סֵפֶר כְּרִיתוּת אִמְּכֶם אֲשֶׁר שִׁלַּחְתִּיהָ אוֹ מִי מִנּוֹשַׁי אֲשֶׁר מָכַרְתִּי אֶתְכֶם לוֹ הֵן בַּעֲוֹנוֹתֵיכֶם נִמְכַּרְתֶּם וּבְפִשְׁעֵיכֶם שֻׁלְּחָה אִמְּכֶם (ישעיה נ, א). וְכֵן הִתְנֵיתִי עִם מֹשֶׁה עֲלֵיהֶם, אִם כֶּסֶף תַּלְוֶה אֶת עַמִּי, שֶׁאִם עָבְרוּ עַל הַמִּצְוֹת, אֲנִי מְמַשְׁכְּנָן שְׁתֵּי מַשְׁכּוֹנוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִם חָבֹל תַּחְבֹּל. אָמַר לוֹ מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ: עַד מָתַי? אָמַר לוֹ: עַד בֹּא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, עַד שֶׁיָּבוֹא מָשִׁיחַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְזָרְחָה לָכֶם יִרְאֵי שְׁמִי שֶׁמֶשׁ צְדָקָה (מלאכי ג, כ).

 

The Holy One, blessed be He, declared: It is not because I am indebted to the nations of the world (because of their merit) that I have pledged My Temple to them, it is only your transgressions that have caused Me to do so, as it is said: Thus saith the Lord: “Where is the bill of your mother’s divorcement, wherewith I have put her away? Or which of My creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities were ye sold, and for your transgressions was your mother put away” (Isa. 50:1). Similarly, I made an agreement with Moses concerning them, If thou lend money to any of My people. However, if they transgress these commandments, I shall seize two pledges, as it is said: If thou at all take (habol tahbol) thy neighbor’s garment to pledge (Exod. 22:25). Our master Moses asked: How long shall they remain as pledges? He answered: Until the sun cometh (ibid.) that is, until the Messiah comes, as it is said: But unto you that fear My name shall the sun of righteousness arise with healing in its wings (Mal. 3:20). (Midrash Tanchuma, Mishpatim 11)

 

וְזֹאת הַתְּרוּמָה אֲשֶׁר תִּקְחוּ וְגוֹ’. זָהָב, כְּנֶגֶד מַלְכוּת בָּבֶל, דִּכְתִיב בָּהּ: אַנְתְּ הוּא רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא. (דניאל ב, לח). כֶּסֶף, כְּנֶגֶד מַלְכוּת מָדַי, דִּכְתִיב: וַעֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים כִּכַּר כֶּסֶף (אסתר ג, ט). נְחֹשֶׁת, כְּנֶגֶד מַלְכוּת יָוָן, שֶׁהִיא פְּחוּתָה מִכֻּלָּם. וְעֹרֹת אֵילִם מְאָדָּמִים, כְּנֶגֶד מַלְכוּת אֱדוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֵּצֵא הָרִאשׁוֹן אַדְמוֹנִי (בראשית כה, כה). אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאַתֶּם רוֹאִין אַרְבַּע מַלְכֻיּוֹת מִתְגָּאוֹת וּבָאוֹת עֲלֵיכֶם, אֲנִי מַצְמִיחַ לָכֶם יְשׁוּעָה מִתּוֹךְ שִׁעְבּוּד. מַה כְּתִיב אַחֲרָיו, שֶׁמֶן לַמָּאוֹר, זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׁם אַצְמִיחַ קֶרֶן לְדָוִד עָרַכְתִּי נֵר לִמְשִׁיחִי (תהלים קלב, יז).

 

This is the offering which ye shall take of them: gold, etc. (Exod. 25:3). The gold corresponds to the kingdom of Babylon, as it is written concerning her: Thou art the head of gold (Gen. 2:38); the silver corresponds to the kingdom of Media, as is written: And I will pay ten thousand talents of silver (Est. 3:9); and the brass corresponds to the kingdom of Greece, which was the least (powerful) of all. And rams’ skins dyed red corresponds to the kingdom of Edom, for it is said: And the first came forth ruddy (Gen. 25:25). The Holy One, blessed be He, said: Even though you suffered because of the four arrogant kingdoms that attacked you, I will bring salvation unto you from the midst of servitude. As it is written: The oil for the light, (Exod. 25:6). This refers to the Messiah, as it is said: There will I make a horn to shoot up unto David, there have I ordered a lamp for Mine anointed (Ps. 132:17)…

 

וְהוּא הָיָה רוֹאֶה אֶת מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ, שֶׁכֵּן דָּנִיֵּאל אוֹמֵר: חָזֵהּ הֲוַיְתָ עַד דִּי הִתְגְּזֶרֶת אֶבֶן דִּי לָא בִידַיִן וּמְחָת לְצַלְמָא בֶּן לָקִישׁ, זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ. וּמְחָת לְצַלְמָא, לְכָל מַלְכוּת שֶׁהֵם עוֹבְדוֹת לַצֶּלֶם בְּצַלְמָוֶת. וּבִזְכוּת מָה הוּא מוֹשֵׁל מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ בָּאֶבֶן? בִּזְכוּת הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל יְגֵעִים בָּהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֻחֹת אֶבֶן כְּתֻבִים בְּאֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים (שמות לא, יח).

 

He (Daniel) saw the coming of the Messiah (in his vision), as Daniel said: Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon its feet that were of iron and clay, and broke them in pieces (Dan. 2:34). R. Simeon the son of Lakish contended: This verse refers to the Messiah. Smote the image alludes to all the kingdoms that serve idols. Why is the rule of the Messiah likened to stone? It is likened to stone because of the Torah in which Israel labors, as it is said: The two tables of the testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God (Exod. 31:18). Another explanation as to why it is likened to a stone. It is because of the merit of Jacob, concerning whom it is written: From thence, from the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel (Gen. 49:24). (Midrash Tanchuma, Terumah 7)

 

אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה: אֱמֹר לָהֶם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל: בָּנַי, בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה הֱיִיתֶם זְקוּקִים לְאוֹר בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וּמַדְלִיקִים נֵרוֹת בְּתוֹכוֹ. אֲבָל לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא בִּזְכוּת אוֹתוֹ הַנֵּר אֲנִי מֵבִיא לָכֶם מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ, שֶׁהוּא מָשׁוּל כַּנֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׁם אַצְמִיחַ קֶרֶן לְדָוִד עָרַכְתִּי נֵר לִמְשִׁיחִי (תהלים קלב, יז).

 

The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses: Tell the Israelites that in this world my sons are responsible for the light in the Sanctuary and must kindle it, but in the Messianic days, because of that lamp, I will bring you a Messiah who is likened unto a lamp, as it is said: There will I make a horn to shoot up unto David, there have I ordered a lamp for Mine anointed (Ps. 132:17). (Midrash Tanchuma, Tetzaveh 8)

 

ויהי ביום כלות משה (במדבר ז א). ילמדנו רבינו כמה דברים קדמו למעשה בראשית, כך שנו רבותינו, שבעה דברים קדמו לעולם, ואלו הן, כסא הכבוד, והתורה, ובית המקדש, ואבות העולם, [וישראל], ושמו של משיח, והתשובה, ויש אומרים אף גן עדן וגיהנם. כסא הכבוד מנין, שנאמר נכון כסאך מאז מעולם אתה (תהלים צג ב), והתורה מנין, שנאמר ה’ קנני ראשית דרכו קדם מפעליו מאז (משלי ח כב), בית המקדש מנין, שנאמר כסא כבוד מרום מראשון מקום מקדשנו (ירמיה יז יב), האבות מנין, שנאמר כענבים במדבר מצאתי (את) [ישראל כבכורה בתאנה בראשיתה ראיתי] אבותיכם (הושע ט י), ישראל מנין, [שנאמרו] זכור עדתך קנית קדם (תהלים עד ב), שמו של משיח מנין, שנאמר לפני שמש ינון שמו (שם עב יז), תשובה מנין, שנאמר בטרם הרים יולדו (שם צב), וכתיב תשב אנוש עד דכא [ותאמר שובו בני אדם] (שם שם ג), גן עדן מנין, שנאמר ויטע ה’ אלהים גן בעדן מקדם (בראשית ב ח), גיהנם מנין, שנאמר ערוך מאתמול תפתה (ישעיה ל לג), בא וראה בשעה שא”ל הקב”ה למשה שיאמר לישראל שיעשו לו משכן, א”ל הקב”ה למשה אמור להם לישראל כביכול לא בשביל שאין לי איכן לדור, אני אומר לכם שתעשו לי משכן, עד שלא נברא העולם הרי מקדשי בנוי למעלה, שנאמר כסא כבוד מרום מראשון וגו’ (ירמיה יז יב), ושם היכל כסאי בנוי, שנאמר וה’ בהיכל קדשו וגו’ (חבקוק ב כ), וכן ישעיה אמר ואראה את (ה’) [אדני] יושב על כסא רם ונשא (ישעיה ו א), ובשביל חיבתכם אני מניח בית המקדש העליון, שהוא מתוקן עד שלא נברא העולם, ורד ואשכון בתוככם, שנאמר [ועשו לי מקדש] ושכנתי בתוכם (שמות כה ח). אמר ר’ יהודה בר סימון בשם ר’ יוחנן זה אחד משלשה דברים ששמע משה מפי הגבורה והרתיע לאחוריו, בשעה שאמר לו ונתנו איש כופר נפשו (שם ל יב), אמר משה מי יוכל ליתן כופר נפשו, כתיב עור בעד עור וכל אשר לאיש יתן בעד נפשו (איוב ב ד), ועדיין אינו מגיע, שנאמר אח לא פדה יפדה איש לא יתן לאלהים כפרו (תהלים מט ח), א”ל הקב”ה איני מבקש לפי כחי, אלא לפי כחן, זה יתנו (שמות ל יג). [אמר ר’ מאיר נטל הקב”ה כמין מטבע של אש מתחת כסא הכבוד והראה לו למשה זה יתנו כזה יתנו]. ובשעה שאמר את קרבני לחמי לאשי (במדבר כח ב), אמר משה מי יוכל להספיק לך קרבנות, אם אנו מקריבים כל חיתו יער, וכל עצי לבנון, אינן כדיי, שנאמר ולבנון אין די בער וחיתו אין די עולה (ישעיה מ טז), א”ל איני מבקש לפי כחי אלא לפי כהן, שנאמר ואמרת להם זה האשה אשר תקריבו לה’ (במדבר כח ג), ולא שניהם בבת אחת, אלא את הכבש אחד תעשה בבקר ואת הכבש השני תעשה בין הערבים (שם שם ד), ובשעה שאמר לו ועשו לי מקדש (שמות כה ח), אמר משה [לפני הקב”ה] הנה השמים ושמי השמים לא יכלכלוך (מ”א ח כז), ואומר את השמים ואת הרץ אני מלא נאם ה’ (ירמיה כג כד), ואומר השמים כסאי והארץ הדום רגלי (ישעיה סו א), ואנו יכולין לעשות לו מקדש, א”ל הקב”ה איני מבקש [לפי כחי], אלא לפי כחן, שנאמר ואת המשכן תעשה עשר יריעות (שמות כו א), כיון ששמעו ישראל כך עמדו ונתנדבו ברצון ועשו את המשכן, וכיון שעשו את המשכן נתמלא מכבודו, שנאמר ולא יכול משה לבא אל אהל מועד וגו’ (שם מ לה), אמרו הנשיאים הרי השעה שנקריב קרבנות בשמחה ששרתה שכינה בינינו, מנין (שנאמר) [ממה שקראו בענין] ויהי ביום כלות משה. 

 

(Numb. 7:1): SO IT CAME TO PASS ON THE DAY THAT MOSES HAD FINISHED. Let our master instruct us: How many things preceded the act of creation? Thus have our masters taught: Seven things preceded the world. These are the following: The throne of glory, the Torah, the Temple, the ancestors of the world, [Israel,] the name of Messiah, and repentance. And some would also say the Garden of Eden and Gehinnom. In the case of the throne of God, where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Ps. 93:2): YOUR THRONE IS ESTABLISHED FROM OF OLD; YOU ARE FROM EVERLASTING. And in the case of the Torah, where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Prov. 8:22): THE LORD ACQUIRED ME (i.e., wisdom) AS THE BEGINNING OF HIS WAY THE FIRST OF HIS WORKS OF OLD. In the case of the Temple, where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Jer. 17:12): O GLORIOUS THRONE, ON HIGH FROM THE BEGINNING, THE PLACE OF OUR SANCTUARY. In the case of the ancestors of the world, where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Hos. 9:10): I FOUND [ISRAEL] LIKE GRAPES IN THE DESERT; [I SAW] YOUR ANCESTORS [LIKE THE FIRST FRUIT ON A FIG TREE IN ITS FIRST SEASON]. In the case of Israel, where is it shown? [Where it is stated of them] (in Ps. 74:2): REMEMBER YOUR CONGREGATION WHICH YOU ACQUIRED OF OLD. In the case of the name of the Messiah, where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Ps. 72:17): BEFORE THE SUN HIS NAME IS YENNON (a symbolic name for the Messiah). This translation of Ps. 72:17 is a literal rendering, which the midrash understands to mean that this name existed before the sun was created. A more traditional rendering would be MAY HIS NAME ENDURE AS LONG AS THE SUN. In the case of repentance, where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Ps. 90:2): BEFORE THE MOUNTAINS WERE BROUGHT FORTH, since it is written (in vs. 3): YOU RETURN HUMANITY TO CONTRITION, [AND SAY: REPENT YOU CHILDREN OF ADAM]. In the case of the Garden of Eden, where is it shown? where it is stated (in Gen. 2:8): AND THE LORD GOD PLANTED A GARDEN IN EDEN, FROM OF OLD. This is the interpretation of miqqedem by the midrash. A more traditional rendering would be IN THE EAST. 

 

In the case of Gehinnom, where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Is. 30:33): FOR TOPHETH HAS BEEN PREPARED FROM OF OLD. Come and see. When the Holy One told Moses to tell Israel to make a tabernacle for him, the Holy One said to Moses: Say to those Israelites, as it were: It is not because I have nowhere to dwell that I am telling you to make me a tabernacle. Before the world was created, here was my sanctuary built in heaven above. It is so stated (in Jer. 17:12): O GLORIOUS THRONE, ON HIGH FROM THE BEGINNING…. And a temple was built there for my throne, as stated (in Hab. 2:20): BUT THE LORD IS IN HIS HOLY TEMPLE. Cf. Ps. 11:4. So also has Isaiah said (in Is. 6:1): I SAW THE LORD SEATED UPON A THRONE, HIGH AND LIFTED UP. Out of love for you I left my temple on high, which had been prepared before the world was created, to come down and dwell among you. It is so stated (in Exod. 25:8): [AND MAKE ME A SANCTUARY] THAT I MAY DWELL AMONG THEM. R. Judah bar Simon said in the name of R. Johanan: This is one of the three commands which Moses heard from the mouth of the Almighty and which took him aback. Numb. R. 12:3; PRK 6:4; PR 16:7; M. Pss. 91:1. When he said to him (in Exod. 30:12): EACH SHALL GIVE A RANSOM FOR HIS LIFE. Moses said: Who can give a ransom for his life? It is written (in Job 2:4): SKIN FOR SKIN! ALL THAT ONE HAS HE WILL GIVE FOR HIS LIFE, Cf. above, Exod. 9:6. and still it is not enough. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 49:8 [7]): SURELY NO ONE WILL REDEEM A BROTHER NOR GIVE A RANSOM FOR HIM TO GOD. The Holy One said to him: I am not asking <a ransom> in accordance with my means but in accordance with their means. (Exod. 30:13:) <EVERYONE … > SHALL GIVE THIS. [R. Meir said: The Holy One took something like a kind of coin of fire from under the throne of glory and showed it to Moses. See above, Lev. 9:7, and the note there. <EVERYONE … > SHALL GIVE THIS; <i.e., EVERYONE … > SHALL GIVE one like THIS.] Again, when he said (in Numb. 28:2): MY OFFERING, MY BREAD FOR MY FIRE OFFERING, Moses said: Who can supply enough offerings for you. Numb. 28:2 is the third of the three commands that shook Moses. If we sacrificed all the beasts of the forest and all the trees of Lebanon, they would not be enough, as stated (in Is. 40:16): FOR LEBANON IS NOT FUEL ENOUGH, NOR ITS BEASTS ENOUGH FOR SACRIFICE. He said to him: I am not asking <offerings> in accordance with my means but in accordance with their means. Thus it is stated (in Numb. 28:3): NOW YOU SHALL SAY TO THEM: THIS IS THE BURNT OFFERING WHICH YOU SHALL OFFER TO THE LORD: <TWO YEARLING LAMBS WITHOUT BLEMISH… > And not both of them at once, but (according to vs. 4): THE ONE LAMB YOU SHALL OFFER IN THE MORNING AND THE SECOND LAMB YOU SHALL OFFER AT TWILIGHT. And when he said to him (in Exod. 25:8): AND MAKE ME A SANCTUARY <THAT I MAY DWELL AMONG THEM>, With this repetition of Exod. 25:8, the midrash returns to the first command that shook Moses. Moses said [to the Holy One] (in I Kings 8:27): EVEN THE HEAVENS AND THE HEAVENS ABOVE THE HEAVENS CANNOT CONTAIN YOU! It also says (in Jer. 23:24): DO I NOT FILL THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH? SAYS THE LORD. And it says (in Is. 66:1): THE HEAVENS ARE MY THRONE AND THE EARTH IS MY FOOTSTOOL. *Cf. Acts 7:47-50. So can we make him a sanctuary? The Holy One said to him: I am not asking <a sanctuary> [in accordance with my means] but in accordance with their means. Thus it is stated (in Exod. 26:1): NOW AS FOR THE TABERNACLE, YOU SHALL MAKE IT WITH TEN CURTAINS. When Israel heard this, they arose and donated gladly. So they made the Tabernacle. Moreover, when they had made the Tabernacle, it was filled with his glory, as stated (in Exod. 40:35): NOW MOSES COULD NOT ENTER THE TENT OF MEETING, <BECAUSE … THE GLORY OF THE LORD FILLED THE TABERNACLE>. The princes said: Now is the time for us to offer sacrifices with joy, because the Divine Presence is dwelling among us. Where is it shown? {Where it is stated} [From what they read on the matter] (in Numb. 7:1): SO IT CAME TO PASS ON THE DAY THAT MOSES HAD FINISHED. (Midrash Tanchuma, Nasso 19)

 

אמר ר’ אבין הלוי [ברבי], היה יוסף מברך ואדונו רואה אותו מלחש בפיו, א”ל יוסף מה אתה אומר, והוא משיבו ואומר לו, אני מברך להקב”ה, א”ל אני מבקש לראות אלהיך, א”ל יוסף הרי חמה, אחד מכמה שמשין שלו, אין אתה יכול להביט כבודו על אחת כמה וכמה, א”ל הקב”ה בשבילך אני נגלה עליו, שנאמר וירא אדניו כי ה’ אתו וגו’ (בראשית לט ג), אמר ר’ אבין הלוי ברבי, מהו (מי הוא זה) [ויבא] מלך הכבוד (תהלים כד ט), שהוא חולק מכבודו ליראיו, זה הקב”ה, מלך בשר ודם אין משתמשין בשרביטו, והקב”ה נתן שרביטו למשה, שנאמר ויקח משה את מטה האלהים בידו (שמות ד כ), ואין יושבין על כסאו, [אבל הקב”ה הושיב את שלמה על כסאו], כתיב וישב שלמה על כסא ה’ למלך (דה”א כט כג), ואין רוכבין על סוסו, [אבל הקב”ה הרכיב את אליהו על סוסו], ואיזהו סוסו של הקב”ה סופה וסערה, שנאמר ה’ בסופה ובסערה דרכו (החום א ג), וכתיב ויעל אליהו בסערה השמים (מ”ב ב יא), הוי שהקב”ה חולק מכבודו ליראיו, ולבושו נתן למלך המשיח, שנאמר הוד והדר תשוה עליו (תהלים כא ו), ולבושו של הקב”ה הוד והדר, [שנאמר הוד והדר] לבשת (שם קד א), מה כתיב בהקב”ה (כעל) [כי אל] גמולות [ה’ שלם ישלם] (ירמיה נא נו), שהוא משלם לטובים כטובים, ולרעים כרעים, מה כתיב ביוסף בן פורת יוסף (בראשית מט כב), א”ל הקב”ה יוסף יהא שלום על העין שעצמה ולא הביטה באחת מן המצריות, שנאמר בנות צעדה עלי שור (שם), אמר ר’ ראובן מהו עלי שור, אמר הקב”ה עלי לשלם שכר לאותו העין. שנו רבותינו שהיו אוכלין במקדש לפנים מן הקלעים, אבל בשילה כמלא עין, מה שעשה יוסף פרע לו הקב”ה, מה כתיב ויעזב בגדו (אצלה) [בידה וינס ויצא החוצה] (בראשית לט יב), א”ל הקב”ה [חייך] כשיצאו בני ישראל ממצרים , עתיד הים לראות את ארונך ולהיוה בורח, שנאמר הים ראה וינס (תהלים קיד ג), ומה ראה, [ראה] ששמר יוסף כל עשרת הדברים. שמעון איש קיטרון אומר עצמות של יוסף ראה, ולא עוד אלא שהיה ארונו של יוסף מהלך לפני הארון, ואומות העולם רואין אותו, ואומרין מה טיבו של ארון זה שמהלך עם ארון התורה, וישראל משיבין אותם ואומרים קיים ה מה שכתוב בזה, ומה היה בארון עשרת הדברות, ויוסף קיים את כולם עד שלא ניתנו מסיני, א”ל הקב”ה ליוסף יוסף אע”פ שפרעתי לך מקצת שכר בעולם הזה, הקרן קיים לך לעולם הבא, כשיגאלו ישראל גאולת עולמים, בזכות יעקב ובזכותך הם נגאלים, שנאמר גאלת בזרוע עמך בני יעקב ויוסף סלה (שם עז טז).

 

R. Abbin [Berabbi] the Levite said: As Joseph was offering his praise, his master saw him murmuring with his mouth. Tanh., Numb. 2:30; Numb. R. 14:3. He said to him: Joseph, what are you saying. Then he answered and said to him: I am offering praise to the Holy One. He said to him: I want to see your God. Joseph said to him: Consider Helios, <who is merely> one of his several attendants. In an unvowelled Hebrew text “sun” (shemesh) and “attendant” (shammash) would have the same spelling, i.e., ShMSh. If you cannot look at <his attendant>, how much the less <can you look at> his own glory. See above. Exod. 8:6; below, Numb. 3:15. The Holy One said to him: Because of you I am appearing to him. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 39:3): WHEN HIS MASTER SAW THAT THE LORD WAS WITH HIM…. R. Abbin Berabbi the Levite said: What is the meaning of {(Ps. 24:8 or 10): WHO IS THIS <KING OF GLORY>?} [(Ps. 24:9:) AND THE KING OF GLORY SHALL COME IT]? The one who shares some of his glory with those who fear him, i.e., the Holy One. Above, Exod. 2:7, and the other parallels listed there. In the case of a king of flesh and blood, no one <else> uses his scepter, but the Holy One gave his scepter to Moses, as stated (in Exod. 4:20): AND MOSES TOOK THE ROD OF GOD IN HIS HAND. Moreover, no one <else> sits on his throne, [but the Holy One had Solomon sit on his throne], as written (in I Chron. 29:23): THEN SOLOMON SAT UPON THE THRONE OF THE LORD AS KING. No one <else> rides on his horse, [but the Holy One had Elijah ride on his horse]. Now which horse belongs to the Holy One? Storm and whirlwind. Thus it is stated (in Nahum 1:33): THE LORD IS IN THE WHIRLWIND, AND THE STORM IS HIS ROAD. So it is written (in II Kings 2:11): AND ELIJAH WENT UP IN A WHIRLWIND INTO THE HEAVENS. Ergo: The Holy One shares his glory with those who fear him. He has also given his attire to the Messianic King, as stated (in Ps. 21:6 [5]): HONOR AND MAJESTY YOU BESTOW UPON HIM; for the attire of the Holy One is HONOR AND MAJESTY, [as stated] (in Ps. 104:1): YOU HAVE PUT ON [HONOR AND MAJESTY]. What is written about the Holy One (in Jer. 51:56)? [FOR THE LORD IS A GOD] OF RECOMPENSE; Biblical translations commonly render “RECOMPENSE” (gemulot) as “THEIR DEEDS.” HE SHALL REPAY IN FULL,] for he repays the good according to their good <deeds> and the evil according to their evil <deeds>. What is written about Joseph (in Gen. 49:22)? JOSEPH IS A FRUITFUL SON. So literally. Biblical translations usually render “son” (ben) by a word like “bough” or “vine.” The Holy One said to him: Joseph, there shall be peace upon the eye which closed and did not look at any of the Egyptian women. Cf. Gen. R. 98(99):18. Thus it is stated (ibid., cont.): DAUGHTERS Again English versions generally read “boughs” or the like. STEP UPON THE WALL (i.e., to gaze).

 

R. Reuben said: what is the meaning of UPON THE WALL (‘LY SHwr)? Numb. R. 14:6. The Holy One said: It is for me (‘LY) to pay a reward (SKR) for that eye. Our Masters have taught (in Zev. 14:4, 5, 6, 7, 8) that they would eat in the sanctuary inside the hangings, but in Shiloh (which lay in Ephraimite territory) <they would eat outside the sanctuary> as far away as the eye could see. See Zev. 118b. Whatever Joseph did, the Holy One rewarded him. What is written (in Gen. 39:12)? AND HE LEFT HIS CLOAK {WITH HER} [IN HER HAND], FLED, AND WENT OUTSIDE]. The Holy One said ot him: [By your life,] when the children of Israel go out from Egypt, the sea is going to see your coffin and flee. See Mekhilta deRabbi Ishmael, Beshallah, 4; Gen. R. 84:5; M. Pss. 114:9. It is so stated (in Ps. 114:3): THE SEA SAW <IT> AND FLED. What did it see? [It saw] that Joseph had kept all of the Ten Commandments. Simeon, the man of Kitron, says: It saw the bones of Joseph. Gen. R. 87:8). And in addition, when Joseph’s coffin (aron) proceeded before the ark (aron), the peoples of the world saw it and said: What is the nature of this ark which is proceeding along with the ark of the Torah? Then Israel answered them and said: This confirms what is written in this <ark>. And what was in the ark? The Ten Commandments. Now Joseph fulfilled all of them before they were given from Sinai. The Holy One said to Joseph: Joseph, although I have rewarded you with a little reward in this world, the main fund remains for you in the world to come, when Israel is redeemed with an everlasting redemption. Through the merit of Jacob and through your merit, they will be redeemed, a stated (in Ps. 77:16 [15]): WITH YOUR MIGHTY ARM YOU REDEEMED YOUR PEOPLE, THE DESCENDANTS OF JACOB AND JOSEPH. SELAH. (Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Nasso 34)

 

[ד”א] מהו ה’ צבאות הוא מלך הכבוד (תהלים כד י). שהוא חולק מכבודו ליראיו ככבודו, כיצד הוא נקרא אלהים, וקרא למשה אלהים, שנאמר ראה נתתיך אלהים לפרעה (שמות ז א), הוא מחיה מתים וחלק מכבודו לאליהו והחיה את המת, שנאמר ויאמר אליהו ראי חי בנך (מ”א יז כג), שהקב”ה חולק מכבודו ליראיו למלך המשיח מלביש לבושו, שנאמר הוד והדר תשוה עליו (תהלים כא ו). שנו רבותינו מלך בשר ודם אין רוכבין על סוסו, ואין לובשין לבושו, ואין משתמשין בכתבו, ואין יושבין על כסאו, ובכולם חלק הקב”ה ליראיו ונתן להם, מנין שנאמר ה’ בסופה ובשערה דרכו (נחום א ג), ונתנה לאליהו, שנאמר ויל [אליהו] בסערה השמים (מ”ב ב יא), ואין לובשין לבוש, מה כתיב הוד והדר לבשת (תהלים קד א), ובמלך המשיח כתיב, הוד והדר תשוה עליו (שם כא ו), ואין משתמשין בכתרו, מה כתיב במשה, ומשה לא ידע כי קרן עור פניו (שמות לד כט), ואין יושבין על כסאו, וכתיב וישב שלמה על כסא ה’ למלך (דה”א כט כג), ואין משתמשין בשרביטו, ונתנו למשה, שנאמר ואת המטה הזה תקח בידך וגו’ (שמות ד יז), מה הקב”ה כתיב בו, עלה אלהים בתרועה ה’ בקול שופר (תהלים מז ו), אמר הקב”ה למשה מלך עשיתיך, שנאמר ויהי בישרון מלך (דברים לג ה), מה המלך כשהוא יוצא תוקעין לפניו, אף אתה כשאתה יוצא יהי תוקעין לפניך, עשה לך שתי חצוצרות כסף. 

 

[Another interpretation:] What is the meaning (of Ps. 24:10): THE LORD OF HOSTS, HE IS THE KING OF GLORY? That he imparts some of his glory to those who fear him as befits his glory. Tanhuma Numb. 3:9 cont.; Numb. R.15:13; see PRK 32:9 (= Suppl. 1:9); M. Pss. 90:1. How? He is called “god” (elohim), and he called Moses “god,” as stated (in Exod. 7:1): SEE I HAVE SET YOU AS A GOD TO PHARAOH. He (the Holy One) causes the dead to live, and he imparted some of his glory to Elijah. Thus he (i.e., Elijah) caused the dead to live, as stated (in I Kings 17:23): AND ELIJAH SAID: SEE YOUR SON IS ALIVE. Because the Holy One imparts some of his glory to those who fear him, he put his own clothing on the Messianic King, as stated (in Ps. 21:6 [5]): HONOR AND MAJESTY YOU SHALL LAY UPON HIM. Our masters have taught: Cf. Sanh. 2:5; see also TSanh. 4:2. In the case of a king of flesh and blood, no one rides upon his horse, no one puts on his clothes, no one uses his crown, and no one sits upon his throne; but in all these <instances> the Holy One shared <his glory> with those who feared him and gave to them. *Above Exod. 2:7; Numb. 2:34. Where is it shown? Where it is stated (in Nahum 1:3): THE LORD IS IN THE WHIRLWIND, AND THE STORM IS HIS ROAD. But he gave it (i.e., the divine whirlwind horse) to Elijah, as stated (in II Kings. 2:11): AND [ELIJAH] WENT UP IN A WHIRLWIND INTO THE HEAVENS. No one puts on his clothes. What is written (in Ps. 104:1)? {AND} YOU HAVE PUT ON HONOR AND MAJESTY. Also with reference to the Messianic King, it is written (in Ps. 21:6 [5]): HONOR AND MAJESTY YOU BESTOWED UPON HIM. No one uses his crown. What is written concerning Moses (in Exod. 34:29)? AND MOSES DID NOT KNOW THAT THE SKIN OF HIS FACE WAS SHINING. And no one sits upon his throne. Now it is written (in I Chron. 29:23): THEN SOLOMON SAT UPON THE THRONE OF THE LORD AS KING. (Sanh. 2:5:) AND NO ONE USES HIS SCEPTER. But he gave it to Moses as stated (in Exod. 4:17): YOU SHALL TAKE IN YOUR HAND THIS ROD <WITH WHICH YOU SHALL PERFORM THE SIGNS>. What is written about the Holy One (in Ps. 47:6 [5])? GOD HAS ASCENDED AMID ACCLAMATION; THE LORD WITH THE SOUND OF A TRUMPET (shofar). The Holy One said to Moses: I have made you a king. It is so stated (in Deut. 33:5): THEN HE BECAME KING IN JESHURUN. Just as when the king goes forth, they sound trumpets before him, so also will they sound trumpets before you when you go forth. (Numb. 10:2:) MAKE TWO SILVER TRUMPETS (hatsotserot). (Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Beha’alotcha 15)

 

אל תתגרו בם כי לא אתן לכם מארצם עד מדרך כף רגל (דברים ב ה). ר’ מאיר אומר עד שיעמדו רגליו ביום ההוא, ר’ שמואל אומר עד שיבא אותו שכתיב בו דרך כוכב מיעקב (במדבר כד יז), זה מלך המשיח, אמר להם הקב”ה בעולם הזה אין לך רשות בהר הזה, אבל לעולם הבא אתם נגאלין ודורשין ויורשין אותו, שנאמר וירשו הנגב את הר עשו (עובדיה א יט), וכתיב ועלו מושיעים בהר ציון לשפוט את הר עשו והיתה לה’ המלוכה (שם שם כא).

 

(Deut. 2:5:) DO NOT ENGAGE THEM IN BATTLE, FOR I WILL NOT GIVE YOU ENOUGH OF THEIR LAND FOR (‘ad) <EVEN> THE SOLE OF A FOOT TO TREAD (rt.: DRK) ON. R. Meir says: Until (‘ad) his (the Holy One’s) feet stand on that day (upon the Mount of Olives). R. Samuel says: Until (‘ad) that one comes of whom it is written (in Numb. 24:17): A STAR SHALL COME (DRK) OUT OF JACOB. This refers to the messianic King. The Holy One said to them: In this world you have no property on this mountain, but in the world to come you shall be redeemed. Then you shall claim it and take possession of it. It is so stated (in Obad. vs. 19): THE NEGEB SHALL TAKE POSSESSION OF THE MOUNTAIN OF ESAU. It is also written (in vs. 21): FOR SAVIORS SHALL GO UP ON MOUNT ZION TO JUDGE THE MOUNTAIN OF ESAU, AND THE KINGDOM SHALL BELONG TO THE LORD. (Midrash Tanchuma, Appendix to Devarim 6:1)

מדור דור (שמות יז טז). אמר דוד אמר הקב”ה מדור דור ואנא בתריהון לדרי דרין, ר’ אליעזר ור’ יהושע ור’ יוסי, ר’ אליעזר אומר מדורו של משה, ועד דורו של שמואל, ר’ יהושע אומר מדורו של שמואל, ועד דורו של מרדכי ואסתר, ור’ יוסי אמר מדורו של מרדכי ואסתר, עד דורו של של מלך המשיח שהוא שלשה דורות, ומנין לדורו של מלך המשיח שהוא שלשה דורות, שנאמר ייראוך עם שמש ולפני ירח דור דורים (תהלים עב ה), דור חד, דורים שנים, הא תלתא. ר’ ברכיה בשם ר’ אבא בר כהנא [אמר] כל זמן שזרעו של עמלק קיים בעולם, כביכול כאילו כנף מכסה את הפנים, אבד זרעו של עמלק מן העולם, ניטלה הכנף, שנאמר ולא יכנף עוד (את) מוריד וגו’ (ישעיה ל כ).

 

(Exod. 17:16:) FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION. David said: The Holy One said: FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION, and I am <keeping> after them (i.e., after the Amalekites) for generations of generations. R. Eliezer, R. Joshua, and R. Jose differ: R. Eliezer says: From the generation of Moses to the generation of Samuel. R. Joshua says: From the generation of Samuel to the generation of Mordecai and Esther. And R. Jose says: From the generation of Mordecai and Esther to the generation of the Messianic King, which itself equals three generations. And where is it shown that the generation of the Messianic King equals three generations? Where it is stated (of the Messianic King in Ps. 72:5): LET THEM FEAR YOU AS LONG AS THE SUN ENDURES AND AS LONG AS THE MOON, A GENERATION AND GENERATIONS. <The singular> GENERATION equals one, <and the plural> GENERATIONS equals two, for a total of three. R. Berekhyah [said] in the name or R. Abba bar Kahana: As long as the seed of Amalek remains alive in the world, it is, as it were, as though a wing is hiding the <divine> face. *See Is. 6:2. When the seed of Amalek has passed from the world, the wing is removed, as stated (in Is. 30:20): YOUR TEACHER (i.e., the Holy One) WILL NO LONGER HIDE HIMSELF. (Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 18)


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